Published

Awbrey FT. Social interaction among chorusing Pacific tree frogs, Hyla regilla. Copeia. 1978 May 5:208-14.

Belden LK, Moore IT, Wingfield JC, Blaustein AR. Corticosterone and growth in Pacific treefrog (Hyla regilla) tadpoles. Copeia. 2005 May;2005(2):424-30.

Benard MF. Survival trade‐offs between two predator‐induced phenotypes in Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla). Ecology. 2006 Feb;87(2):340-6.

Benard MF. Predators and mates: conflicting selection on the size of male pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla). Journal of Herpetology. 2007 Jun;41(2):317-20.

Brattstrom BH, Warren JW. Observations on the ecology and behavior of the Pacific treefrog, Hyla regilla. Copeia. 1955 Aug 19;1955(3):181-91.

Brenowitz EA. Neighbor call amplitude influences aggressive behavior and intermale spacing in choruses of the Pacific treefrog (Hyla regilla). Ethology. 1989 Jan 12;83(1):69-79.

Croes SA, Thomas RE. Freeze tolerance and cryoprotectant synthesis of the Pacific tree frog Hyla regilla. Copeia. 2000 Aug;2000(3):863-8.

Kleinhenz P, Boone MD, Fellers G. Effects of the amphibian chytrid fungus and four insecticides on Pacific treefrogs (Pseudacris regilla). Journal of Herpetology. 2012 Dec;46(4):625-31.

Kupferberg SJ, Marks JC, Power ME. Effects of variation in natural algal and detrital diets on larval anuran (Hyla regilla) life-history traits. Copeia. 1994 May 16:446-57.

Matthews KR, Pope KL, Preisler HK, Knapp RA. Effects of nonnative trout on Pacific treefrogs (Hyla regilla) in the Sierra Nevada. Copeia. 2001 Dec;2001(4):1130-7.

Morey SR. Microhabitat selection and predation in the Pacific treefrog, Pseudacris regilla. Journal of Herpetology. 1990 Sep 1:292-6.

Perrill SA. Male mating behavior in Hyla regilla. Copeia. 1984 Aug 1:727-32.

Romansic JM, Johnson PT, Searle CL, Johnson JE, Tunstall TS, Han BA, Rohr JR, Blaustein AR. Individual and combined effects of multiple pathogens on Pacific treefrogs. Oecologia. 2011 Aug;166(4):1029-41.

Schaub DL, Larsen Jr JH. The reproductive ecology of the Pacific treefrog (Hyla regilla). Herpetologica. 1978 Dec 1:409-16.

Stegen JC, Gienger CM, Sun L. The control of color change in the Pacific tree frog, Hyla regilla. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2004 Jun 1;82(6):889-96.

Weitzel NH, Panik HR. Long-term fluctuations of an isolated population of the Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla) in northwestern Nevada. The Great Basin Naturalist. 1993 Dec 1:379-84.

Wente WH, Phillips JB. Microhabitat selection by the Pacific treefrog, Hyla regilla. Animal Behaviour. 2005 Aug 1;70(2):279-87.

Wente WH, Phillips JB. Fixed green and brown color morphs and a novel color-changing morph of the Pacific tree frog Hyla regilla. The american naturalist. 2003 Oct;162(4):461-73.

Westman ADJ. 2006. Examining the impacts of pesticide exposure on the survivorship and development of Great Basin Spadefoot (Spea intermontana) and Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla) in a laboratory environment. Thesis. University of British Columbia.

Published

Amburgey SM, Bailey LL, Murphy M, Muths E, Funk WC. The effects of hydropattern and predator communities on amphibian occupancy. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2014;92(11):927-37.

Amburgey S, Funk WC, Murphy M, Muths E. Effects of hydroperiod duration on survival, developmental rate, and size at metamorphosis in boreal chorus frog tadpoles (Pseudacris maculata). Herpetologica. 2012 Dec;68(4):456-67.

Bee MA, Cook JM, Love EK, O’Bryan LR, Pettitt BA, Schrode K, Vélez A. Assessing acoustic signal variability and the potential for sexual selection and social recognition in boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata). Ethology. 2010 Jun;116(6):564-76.

Buckley EM, Gottesman BL, Caven AJ, Harner MJ, Pijanowski BC. Assessing ecological and environmental influences on boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata) spring calling phenology using multimodal passive monitoring technologies. Ecological Indicators. 2021 Feb 1;121:107171.

Buckley EM, Gottesman BL, Caven AJ, Harner MJ, Pijanowski BC. Boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata) spring calling activity, habitat metrics, and associated environmental data. Data in brief. 2020 Dec 1;33:106581.

Connior MB, Roberts KG. First Record and Notes on the Ecology of the Boreal Chorus Frog (Pseudacris maculata) in Arkansas. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science. 2020;74(1):69-71.

Corn PS, Muths E, Kissel AM, Scherer RD. Breeding chorus indices are weakly related to estimated abundance of boreal chorus frogs. Copeia. 2011 Oct 10;2011(3):365-71.

Higgins SA, Swanson DL. Urea is not a universal cryoprotectant among hibernating anurans: Evidence from the freeze-tolerant boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 2013 Feb 1;164(2):344-50.

Hossack BR, Puglis HJ, Battaglin WA, Anderson CW, Honeycutt RK, Smalling KL. Widespread legacy brine contamination from oil production reduces survival of chorus frog larvae. Environmental Pollution. 2017 Dec 1;231:742-51.

Hunka DL. Physiological aspects of overwintering in the boreal chorus frog, Pseudacris triseriata maculata. Thesis. University of Manitoba. 1974.

Hyman OJ. Ecology of Chytridiomycosis in Boreal Chorus Frogs (Pseudacris Maculata). Doctoral dissertation. Arizona State University. 2012.

Lemmon EM, Lemmon AR, Cannatella DC. Geological and climatic forces driving speciation in the continentally distributed trilling chorus frogs (Pseudacris). Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution. 2007 Sep;61(9):2086-103.

Muths E, Scherer RD, Amburgey SM, Matthews T, Spencer AW, Corn PS. First estimates of the probability of survival in a small-bodied, high-elevation frog (Boreal Chorus Frog, Pseudacris maculata), or how historical data can be useful. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2016;94(9):599-606.

Ouellet M, Fortin C, Grimard MJ. Distribution and habitat use of the Boreal Chorus Frog (Pseudacris maculata) at its extreme northeastern range limit. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2009 Aug 1;4(2):277-84.

Seburn DC, Gunson K, Schueler FW. Apparent widespread decline of the boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata) in eastern Ottawa. The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 2014 Jul 6;128(2):151-7.

Swanson JE, Bailey LL, Muths E, Funk WC. Factors influencing survival and mark retention in postmetamorphic boreal chorus frogs. Copeia. 2013 Dec 30;2013(4):670-5..

Tordoff III W. Selective predation of gray jays, Perisoreus canadensis, upon boreal chorus frogs, Pseudacris triseriata. Evolution. 1980 Sep 1:1004-8.

Whiting AV. Factors affecting larval growth and development of the boreal chorus frog Pseudacris maculata. Thesis. University of Alberta.

Reports, etc.

Bogart JP, Taylor EB, Boles R. 2015. Western Chorus Frog (Pseudacris triseriata) and Boreal Chorus Frog (P. maculata): clarification concerning the wildlife species listed under SARA in light of recent taxonomic interpretations.

Published

Burkholder LL, Diller LV. Life history of postmetamorphic coastal tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei) in northwestern California. Journal of Herpetology. 2007 Jun;41(2):251-62.

Courcelles DM. 2016. Inorganic fine sediment deposition in rivers with run-of-river hydropower projects and Coastal Tailed Frog (Ascaphus truei) tadpoles in coastal British Columbia. Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia.

Grummer JA, Leaché AD. Do dams also stop frogs? Assessing population connectivity of coastal tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei) in the North Cascades National Park Service Complex. Conservation Genetics. 2017 Apr 1;18(2):439-51.

Hayes MP, Quinn T, Dugger DJ, Hicks TL, Melchiors MA, Runde DE. Dispersion of Coastal Tailed Frog (Ascaphus Truei): An Hypothesis Relating Occurrence of Frogs in Non–fish-bearing Headwater Basins to Their Seasonal Movements. Journal of Herpetology. 2006 Dec;40(4):531-43.

Hobbs J, Round JM, Allison MJ, Helbing CC. Expansion of the known distribution of the coastal tailed frog, Ascaphus truei, in British Columbia, Canada, using robust eDNA detection methods. PloS one. 2019 Mar 14;14(3):e0213849.

Landreth HF, Ferguson DE. Movements and orientation of the tailed frog, Ascaphus truei. Herpetologica. 1967 Jun 30;23(2):81-93.

Ascaphus

Macedo AD. 2019. Life history of the coastal tailed frog (Ascaphus truei) across an elevational gradient. Thesis. Humboldt State University.

Matsuda BM, Richardson JS. Movement patterns and relative abundance of coastal tailed frogs in clearcuts and mature forest stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 2005 May 1;35(5):1131-8.

McEwan AL. 2007. The Habitat Ecology of the Post-metamorphic Coastal Tailed Frog (Ascaphus Truei). Doctoral dissertation, University of Northern British Columbia.

Nielson M, Lohman K, Sullivan J. Phylogeography of the tailed frog (Ascaphus truei): implications for the biogeography of the Pacific Northwest. Evolution. 2001 Jan;55(1):147-60.

Nielson M, Lohman K, Daugherty CH, Allendorf FW, Knudsen KL, Sullivan J, Ellis DJ, Firth BT, Belan I. Allozyme and mitochondrial DNA variation in the tailed frog (Anura: Ascaphus): the influence of geography and gene flow. Herpetologica. 2006 Sep;62(3):235-58.

Nordin LJ. Riparian Management of Perennial Coastal Streams with Potential Habitat for a Tailed Frog (Ascaphus truei). Journal of Ecosystems and Management. 2016 Aug 26;16(1).

Palmeri-Miles AF, Douville KA, Tyson JA, Ramsdell KD, Hayes MP. Field observations of oviposition and early development of the Coastal Tailed Frog (Ascaphus truei). Northwestern Naturalist. 2010 Sep;91(2):206-13.

Rodway MS, Regehr HM. Current Logging Practices Impact Coastal Tailed Frog Populations in the Bridge River Valley, British Columbia. Wildlife Afield. 2013. 10(1):23-35.

Slater JR. The mating of Ascaphus truei Stejneger. Copeia. 1931 Jul(2):62-63.

Spear SF, Storfer A. Landscape genetic structure of coastal tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei) in protected vs. managed forests. Molecular Ecology. 2008 Nov;17(21):4642-56.

Wahbe, TR. 1996. Tailed Frogs (Ascaphus truei, Steineger) in natural and managed coastal temperate rainforest of southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Thesis, University of British Columbia.

Wahbe TR. 2003. Aquatic and terrestrial movements of Tailed Frogs (Ascaphus truei) in relation to timber harvest in coastal British Columbia. Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia.

Wahbe TR, Ritland C, Bunnell FL, Ritland K. Population genetic structure of tailed frogs (Ascaphus truei) in clearcut and old-growth stream habitats in south coastal British Columbia. Canadian journal of zoology. 2005 Nov 1;83(11):1460-8.

Reports, etc.

Michelfelder V, van der Marel R, Dunsworth K. 2008. Proposed Wildlife Habitat Areas for the Coastal Tailed Frog (Ascaphus truei) on the Central Coast of British Columbia. Ministry of Environment.

Todd M, Johnson C, Govindarajulu P, Steventon D, Murray B, Turney L, Rach L, Paige K, Hetherington A, Vanderstar L. 2014. The spatial ecology of Coastal Tailed Frogs in Northwestern BC. BC Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations.

Published

Adams MJ, Pearl CA, McCreary B, Galvan SK, Wessell SJ, Wente WH, Anderson CW, Kuehl AB. Short-term effect of cattle exclosures on Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) populations and habitat in northeastern Oregon. Journal of Herpetology. 2009 Mar;43(1):132-8.

Bull EL, Hayes MP. Post-breeding season movements of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) in northeastern Oregon. Western North American Naturalist. 2001 Jan 1:119-23.

Bull EL, Shepherd JF. Water temperature at oviposition sites of Rana luteiventris in northeastern Oregon. Western North American Naturalist. 2003 Jan 1:108-13.

Davis AB, Verrell PA. Demography and reproductive ecology of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) across the Palouse. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2005 May 1;83(5):702-11.

Funk WC, Greene AE, Corn PS, Allendorf FW. High dispersal in a frog species suggests that it is vulnerable to habitat fragmentation. Biology letters. 2005 Mar 22;1(1):13-6.

Funk WC, Blouin MS, Corn PS, Maxell BA, Pilliod DS, Amish S, Allendorf FW. Population structure of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) is strongly affected by the landscape. Molecular ecology. 2005 Feb;14(2):483-96.

Funk WC, Pearl CA, Draheim HM, Adams MJ, Mullins TD, Haig SM. Range-wide phylogeographic analysis of the spotted frog complex (Rana luteiventris and Rana pretiosa) in northwestern North America. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2008 Oct 1;49(1):198-210.

Greene AE, Funk WC. Sexual selection on morphology in an explosive breeding amphibian, the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris). Journal of Herpetology. 2009 Jun;43(2):244-51.

Lefcort H, Meguire RA, Wilson LH, Ettinger WF. Heavy metals alter the survival, growth, metamorphosis, and antipredatory behavior of Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) tadpoles. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 1998 Oct;35(3):447-56.

McCaffery RM. Population dynamics of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris): Inference from long-term demography. Doctoral dissertation, University of Montana; 2010.

Monello RJ, Dennehy JJ, Murray DL, Wirsing AJ. Growth and behavioral responses of tadpoles of two native frogs to an exotic competitor, Rana catesbeiana. Journal of Herpetology. 2006 Sep 1:403-7.

Patchett SA, Jones AD, Belk MC. Density and pond habitat affect survival and growth rates in larval Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris). Western North American Naturalist. 2018 Jun;78(2):157-64.

Pearl CA, Adams MJ, Wente WH. Characteristics of Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris) oviposition sites in northeastern Oregon, USA. Western North American Naturalist. 2007 Jan;67(1):86-91.

Pilliod DS, Peterson CR, Ritson PI. Seasonal migration of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) among complementary resources in a high mountain basin. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2002 Nov 1;80(11):1849-62.

Reaser JK. Demographic analysis of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris): case study in spatiotemporal variation. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2000 Jul 1;78(7):1158-67.

Robertson JM, Murphy MA, Pearl CA, Adams MJ, Páez‐Vacas MI, Haig SM, Pilliod DS, Storfer A, Funk WC. Regional variation in drivers of connectivity for two frog species (Rana pretiosa and R. luteiventris) from the US Pacific Northwest. Molecular ecology. 2018 Aug;27(16):3242-56.

Russell DM, Goldberg CS, Waits LP, Rosenblum EB. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection dynamics in the Columbia spotted frog Rana luteiventris in north Idaho, USA. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 2010 Nov 25;92(2-3):223-30.

Reports, etc.

Ovaska K, Sopuck L, Engelstoft C. 2016. Community-based amphibian monitoring program in multi-use landscapes in south-central BC, 2011-2015. Biolinx Environmental Research Ltd.

Published

Blouin MS, Phillipsen IC, Monsen KJ. Population structure and conservation genetics of the Oregon spotted frog, Rana pretiosa. Conservation Genetics. 2010 Dec;11(6):2179-94.

Bowerman J, Pearl CA. Ability of Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) embryos from central Oregon to tolerate low temperatures. Northwestern Naturalist. 2010 Oct 1;91(2):198-202.

Feischl C. Using 10-years of population monitoring data to assess breeding productivity of the Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa). 2018. Thesis, Simon Fraser University.

Funk WC, Pearl CA, Draheim HM, Adams MJ, Mullins TD, Haig SM. Range-wide phylogeographic analysis of the spotted frog complex (Rana luteiventris and Rana pretiosa) in northwestern North America. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2008 Oct 1;49(1):198-210.

Groff LA, Marks SB, Hayes MP. Using ecological niche models to direct rare amphibian surveys: a case study using the Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa). Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2014 Oct 1;9(2):354-68.

Hayes MP, Rombough CJ, Padgett-Flohr GE, Hallock LA, Johnson JE, Wagner RS, Engler JD. Amphibian chytridiomycosis in the Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) in Washington State, USA. Northwestern Naturalist. 2009 Oct 1:148-51.

Kapust HQ, McAllister KR, Hayes MP. Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) response to enhancement of oviposition habitat degraded by invasive reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2012 Dec 1;7(3):358-66.

Licht LE. Comparative breeding behavior of the red-legged frog (Rana aurora aurora) and the western spotted frog (Rana pretiosa pretiosa) in southwestern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 1969 Nov 1;47(6):1287-99.

Licht LE. Comparative life history features of the western spotted frog, Rana pretiosa, from low-and high-elevation populations. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 1975 Sep 1;53(9):1254-7.

McKibbin R. Influence of Water Conditions on the Embryonic Survivorship of the Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana Pretiosa) and Implications for Sustainable Management in British Columbia. 2006. Doctoral dissertation, Royal Roads University.

Padgett-Flohr GE, Hayes MP. Assessment of the vulnerability of the Oregon spottedfrog (Rana pretiosa) to the amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2011 Apr 1;6(2):99106.

Pearl CA, Bowerman J, Knight D. Feeding behavior and aquatic habitat use by Oregon Spotted Frogs (Rana pretiosa) in central Oregon. Northwestern Naturalist. 2005 Mar;86(1):36-8.

Pearl CA, Adams MJ, Leuthold N. Breeding habitat and local population size of the Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) in Oregon, USA. Northwestern Naturalist. 2009 Sep;90(2):136-47.

Pearl CA, Bowerman J, Adams MJ, Chelgren ND. Widespread occurrence of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa). EcoHealth. 2009 Jun;6(2):209-18.

Phillipsen IC, Bowerman J, Blouin M. Effective number of breeding adults in Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa): genetic estimates at two life stages. Conservation Genetics. 2010 Jun;11(3):737-45.

Popescu VD, Kissel AM, Pearson M, Palen WJ, Govindarajulu P, Bishop CA. Defining conservation-relevant habitat selection by the highly imperiled Oregon spotted frog, Rana pretiosa. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2013 Dec 1;8(3):688-706.

Ramsdell KD. Diel Breeding Patterns of the Oregon Spotted Frog (Rana pretiosa) Observed by Camera Traps. 2013, Thesis, Evergreen State College.

Robertson JM, Murphy MA, Pearl CA, Adams MJ, Páez‐Vacas MI, Haig SM, Pilliod DS, Storfer A, Funk WC. Regional variation in drivers of connectivity for two frog species (Rana pretiosa and R. luteiventris) from the US Pacific Northwest. Molecular ecology. 2018 Aug;27(16):3242-56.

Shovlain AM. Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) habitat use and herbage (or biomass) removal from grazing at Jack Creek, Klamath County, Oregon. 2005. Thesis, Oregon State University.

Tidwell KS, Shepherdson DJ, Hayes MP. Interpopulation variability in evasive behavior in the oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa). Journal of Herpetology. 2013 Mar;47(1):93-6.

Reports, etc.

Adams MJ, Pearl CA, McCreary B, Galvan SK. 2014, Short-term occupancy and abundance dynamics of the Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) across its core range: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1230, 10 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141230.

Published

Cary J. Determining habitat characteristics that predict oviposition site selection for pond-breeding northern red-legged frogs (Rana aurora) in Humboldt County, California. 2010. Thesis, Humboldt State University.

Chan-MacLeod ACA, Moy A. Evaluating residual tree patches as stepping stones and short‐term refugia for red‐legged frogs. The Journal of wildlife management. 2007 Aug;71(6):1836-44.

Cook DG, Jennings MR. Microhabitat use of the California red-legged frog and introduced bullfrog in a seasonal marsh. Herpetologica. 2007 Dec;63(4):430-40.

Englund L. Status of Red-legged Frogs (Rana aurora aurora) in Surrey, British Columbia. 2007. Thesis, Royal Roads University.

Fellers GM, Kleeman PM. Diurnal versus nocturnal surveys for California Red-legged Frogs. The Journal of wildlife management. 2006 Dec 1:1805-8.

Germaine SS, Hays DW. Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington. Western North American Naturalist. 2009 Dec;69(4):537-47.

Gordon LL. Effects of multiple stressors: hydroperiod, introduced bullfrogs, and food limitation on northern red-legged frogs (Rana aurora). 2020. Thesis, Humboldt State University.

Govindarajulu P. Introduced Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) in British Columbia: impacts on native Pacific Treefrogs (Hyla regilla) and Red-Legged Frogs (Rana aurora). 2004. Doctoral dissertation, University of Victoria.

Grand LA, Hayes MP, Vogt KA, Vogt DJ, Yarnold PR, Richter KO, Anderson CD, Ostergaard EC, Wilhelm JO. Identification of habitat controls on northern red-legged frog populations: implications for habitat conservation on an urbanizing landscape in the Pacific Northwest. Ecological Processes. 2017 Dec;6(1):1-3.

Haggard JA. A radio telemetric study of the movement patterns of adult northern red-legged frogs (Rana aurora aurora) at Freshwater Lagoon, Humboldt County, California. 2000. Thesis, Humboldt State University. Hamilton P. The ecology of chytridiomycosis in red-legged frog (Rana aurora) tadpoles. 2010. Thesis, University of Victoria.

Hayes MP, Quinn T, Richter KO, Schuett-Hames JP, Shean JS. Maintaining lentic-breeding amphibians in urbanizing landscapes: the case study of the northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora). Urban Herpetology. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Herpetological Conservation. 2008;3:445-61.

Holcomb C. Examining the Relationship Between Landscape Connectivity and the Breeding Effort of the Red-legged Frog (Rana aurora) in Western Washington Wetlands. 2012. Thesis, Evergreen State College.

Licht LE. Comparative breeding behavior of the red-legged frog (Rana aurora aurora) and the western spotted frog (Rana pretiosa pretiosa) in southwestern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 1969 Nov 1;47(6):1287-99.

Licht LE. Comparative life history features of the western spotted frog, Rana pretiosa, from low-and high-elevation populations. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 1975 Sep 1;53(9):1254-7.

Loveridge AR. The effects of agricultural effluent on Red-Legged Frogs (Rana aurora aurora) and Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in the Elk Creek and Sumas Prairie Watersheds, British Columbia, Canada. 2002. Thesis, Simon Fraser University.

McHarry K. The influence of canopy cover and climate on early life-stage vital rates for northern Red-legged frogs (Rana aurora), and the implications for population growth rates. 2017. Thesis, Humboldt State University.

Nelson DV, Garcia TS. Seasonal and diel vocal behavior of the northern red-legged frog, Rana aurora. Northwestern Naturalist. 2017 Mar;98(1):33-8.

Nieto NC, Camann MA, Foley JE, Reiss JO. Disease associated with integumentary and cloacal parasites in tadpoles of northern red-legged frog Rana aurora aurora. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 2007 Oct 31;78(1):61-71.

Sendak CM. Spatial ecology and site occupancy of the Northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora) in a coastal dune environment. 2008. Thesis, Humboldt State University.

Reports, etc.

Bunnell C, Bunnell F, Baylis A, Juteau C. 2016. Long-term monitoring of Northern Red-Legged Frog (Rana aurora aurora) in the Little Campbell River Watershed – 2009-2014. A Rocha Canada Conservation Science Series. A Rocha Canada, Surrey, B.C., Canada.

Hawkes VC. 2005. Distribution of Red-Legged Frog (Rana aurora aurora) breeding habitat in the Jordan River Watershed, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Project #04.W.Jo.1. Lange J. 2009. Identification and protection of critical breeding habitat for Red-Legged Frogs (Rana aurora) in the Campbell River Watershed. For: BC Hyrdro Bridge Coastal Restoration Program.

Pearl CA. 2013. Response of Northern Red-Legged Frog (Rana aurora) and other amphibians to wetland habitat creation at Wintergreen Farm, Oregon. For: Long Tom Watershed Council.

Rezanoff K. 2010. Identification and protections of critical breeding habitat for Red-Legged Frogs (Rana aurora) in the Stave River Watershed. For: BC Hydro Bridge Coastal Restoration Program.

Published

Bennett AM, Murray DL. Carryover effects of phenotypic plasticity: embryonic environment and larval response to predation risk in Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) and Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2015;93(11):867-77.

Bennett AM, Pereira D, Murray DL. Investment into defensive traits by anuran prey (Lithobates pipiens) is mediated by the starvation-predation risk trade-off. PLoS One. 2013 Dec 9;8(12):e82344.

Blomquist SM, Hunter ML. Externally attached radio-transmitters have limited effects on the antipredator behavior and vagility of Rana pipiens and Rana sylvatica. Journal of Herpetology. 2007 Sep;41(3):430-8.

Chatfield MW, Brannelly LA, Robak MJ, Freeborn L, Lailvaux SP, Richards-Zawacki CL. Fitness consequences of infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens). EcoHealth. 2013 Mar;10(1):90-8.

Croshaw DA. Cryptic behavior is independent of dorsal color polymorphism in juvenile northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). Journal of Herpetology. 2005 Mar;39(1):125-9.

Denton RD, Bernot MJ. Effects of multiple agricultural chemicals on Northern leopard frog, Lithobates pipiens, larvae. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 2011 (Vol. 120, No. 1/2, pp. 39-44).

Echaubard P. Evolution and Ecology of an Amphibian Emerging Infectious Disease: a context-dependant approach of ranavirus virulence in Lithobates (Rana) pipiens. 2012. Doctoral dissertation, Laurentian University of Sudbury.

Fraser LD. Distribution characteristics of the eggs, tadpoles, and metamorphs of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) and their relation to conservation strategies. 2008. Thesis, University of Calgary.

Germaine SS, Hays DW. Distribution and postbreeding environmental relationships of northern leopard frogs (Rana [Lithobates] pipiens) in Washington. Western North American Naturalist. 2009 Dec;69(4):537-47.

Graham B. Chemical communication in a declining North American anuran amphibian, the northern leopard frog (lithobates pipiens). 2017. Thesis, University of Illinois.

Hogan NS. Developmental regulation and estrogenic endocrine disruption of metamorphosis in the Northern Leopard Frog, Rana pipiens. 2006. Doctoral dissertation, University of Ottawa.

Johnson C. A Comparison of Feeding and Jumping Behaviors in the Northern Leopard Frog, Lithobates pipiens. 2019. Thesis, Southern Illinois University.

Knutson MG, Herner‐Thogmartin JH, Thogmartin WE, Kapfer JM, Nelson JC. Habitat selection, movement patterns, and hazards encountered by northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) in an agricultural landscape. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2018 Apr 1;13(1):113-30.

Kreitals N, Davies JM, Phillips DW, Phillips ID. Overwintering observations of Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens) activity under ice. Reptiles & Amphibians. 2014 Jun 1;21(2):60-5.

Leduc J. Life-history trade-offs in Northern leopard frog (Lithobates [Rana] pipiens) tadpoles: interactions of trace metals, temperature, and ranavirus. 2013. Theiss, Laurentian University.

McAllister C. The Effects of Recreational Trail Design and Management Decisions on Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens) Populations in an Urban Park. 2006. Thesis, University of Waterloo.

Mushet DM, Euliss Jr NH, Chen Y, Stockwell CA. Complex spatial dynamics maintain northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) genetic diversity in a temporally varying landscape. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2013 Apr 1;8(1):163-75.

Paetow LJ. Effects of agricultural pesticides and chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on the health of post-metamorphic northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens). 2010. Thesis, Concordia University.

Pouliot D, Frenette JJ. Development and growth of northern leopard frog, Lithobates pipiens, tadpoles in North American Waterfowl Management Plan permanent basins and in natural wetlands. The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 2010;124(2):159-68

Randall L, Kendell K, Govindarajulu P, Houston B, Ohanjanian P, Moehrenschlager A. Re-introduction of the northern leopard frog in British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. Global Re-introduction Perspectives: 2016. Case-studies from around the globe. 2016:45.

Rogers SD, Peacock MM. The disappearing northern leopard frog (L ithobates pipiens): conservation genetics and implications for remnant populations in western N evada. Ecology and Evolution. 2012 Aug;2(8):2040-56.

Sommers MD, Randall LA, Barclay RM. Effects of environmental variables on the calling behaviour of Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens) in Alberta, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2018;96(2):163-9.

Tatiersky L. Effect of Glucocorticoids on Gene Expression of Cutaneous Antimicrobial Peptides and Susceptibility to Chytridiomycosis in The Northern Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens). 2013. Doctoral dissertation, University of Guelph.

Trudeau VL, Schueler FW, Navarro-Martin L, Hamilton CK, Bulaeva E, Bennett A, Fletcher W, Taylor L. Efficient induction of spawning of Northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) during and outside the natural breeding season. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2013 Dec;11(1):1-9.

Yaw TJ, Swanson JE, Pierce CL, Muths E, Smalling KL, Vandever MW, Zaffarano BA. Placement of Intracoelomic Radiotransmitters and Silicone Passive Sampling Devices in Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens). Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery. 2017 Dec;27(3-4):111-5.

Reports, etc.

Fraser K, Morrison M, Bates E. 2021. Northern Leopard Frog Preservation – American Bullfrog Control. For: Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program.

Published

Adams SB, Frissell CA. Thermal habitat use and evidence of seasonal migration by Rocky Mountain Tailed Frogs, Ascaphus montanus, in Montana. The Canadian Field-Naturalist, Vol. 115, p. 251-256. 2001.. 2001.

Dupuis L, Friele P. The distribution of the Rocky Mountain tailed frog (Ascaphus montanus) in relation to the fluvial system: implications for management and conservation. Ecological Research. 2006 Jul;21(4):489-502.

Franz DM. Difference in Physical Traits of Rocky Mountain Tailed Frogs in Burned and Unburned Streams. 2019. Undergraduate thesis, University of Montana.

Hobbs J, Adams IT, Round JM, Goldberg CS, Allison MJ, Bergman LC, Mirabzadeh A, Allen H, Helbing CC. Revising the range of Rocky Mountain tailed frog, Ascaphus montanus, in British Columbia, Canada, using environmental DNA methods. Environmental DNA. 2020 Jul;2(3):350-61.

Hossack BR, Lowe WH, Webb MA, Talbott MJ, Kappenman KM, Corn PS. Population‐level thermal performance of a cold‐water ectotherm is linked to ontogeny and local environmental heterogeneity. Freshwater Biology. 2013 Nov;58(11):2215-25.

Lybarger HR. Detection of Heavy Metals in Rocky Mountain Tailed Frog (Ascaphus montanus) Tadpoles near Abandoned Mines in Northern Idaho. 2014. Thesis, Southern Illinois University.

Werner II LC. Overwintering Strategies of Ascaphus montanus, the Rocky Mountain Tailed Frog. 2015. Thesis, Southern Illinois University.

Reports, etc.

Friele P. 2007. Potential impacts of Mountain Pine Beetle infestation on Rocky Mountain Tailed Frog (Ascaphus montanus), southeastern British Columbia. For: Ministry of Environment.

Olson DH. 2011. Conservation assessment for the Rocky Mountain Tailed Frog in Oregon and Washington (Ascaphus montanus). USDA Forest Service.

Published

Ashpole SL, Bishop CA, Elliott JE. Clutch Size in the Great Basin Spadefoot (Spea intermontana), South Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada. Northwestern Naturalist. 2014 Apr 1;95(1):35-40.

Brumbaugh C. Life in the Dirt: Factors Influencing the Behavior and Distribution of Spea Intermontana in Eastern Washington State. 2018. Thesis, Central Washington University.

da Silva AG, Williams KE, Kirk SL, Bishop CA, Hodges KE, Russello MA. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in two species-at-risk in British Columbia: Great Basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana) and Western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii). Conservation Genetics Resources. 2010 Dec;2(1):37-40.

de Jong Westman A. Examining the impacts of pesticide exposure on the survivorship and development of Great Basin Spadefoot (Spea intermontane) and Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla) in a laboratory environment. 2008. Thesis, University of British Columbia.

Garner JL. Movement and habitat-use of the great basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana) at its northern range limit. 2012. Thesis, Thompson Rivers University).

Goldberg SR. Notes on Reproduction of Great Basin Spadefoot Toads, Spea intermontana (Anura: Scaphiopodidae). Chicago Herpetological Society. 2019 Jul;54(7):145-7.

Hales JA. Habitat selection of the Great Basin Spadefoot (Spea intermontana) in the grasslands of British Columbia. 2009. Thesis, Thompson Rivers University.

Hales JA, Larsen KW. Habitat selection by newly metamorphosed Great Basin Spadefoots (Spea intermontane): a microcosm study. Western Wildlife. 2018 Dec:6:61-68.

Zack RS, Johnson DG. Feeding by the Great Basin spadefoot toad (Spea intermontana [Cope])(Anura: Pelobatidae). Western North American Naturalist. 2008 Jun;68(2):241-4.

Reports, etc.

Buseck RS, Keinath DA, Geraud M. 2005. Species assessment for Great Basin Spadefoot Toad (Spea intermontane) in Wyoming. For: United States Department of the Interior.

Nicolson H. Packham R. 2008. Great Basin Spadefoot (Spea intermontana) auditory surveys in the Cariboo region of British Columbia, 2007. Ministry of Environment.

Published

Bartelt PE, Peterson CR, Klaver RW. Sexual differences in the post-breeding movements and habitats selected by western toads (Bufo boreas) in southeastern Idaho. Herpetologica. 2004 Dec;60(4):455-67.

Bartelt PE, Klaver RW, Porter WP. Modeling amphibian energetics, habitat suitability, and movements of western toads, Anaxyrus (= Bufo) boreas, across present and future landscapes. Ecological Modelling. 2010 Nov 10;221(22):2675-86.

Benard MF, Fordyce JA. Are induced defenses costly? Consequences of predator‐induced defenses in western toads, Bufo boreas. Ecology. 2003 Jan;84(1):68-78.

Browne CL, Paszkowski CA. Hibernation sites of western toads (Anaxyrus boreas): Characterization and management implications. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2010 Apr 1;5(1):49-63.

Browne CL, Paszkowski CA. Factors affecting the timing of movements to hibernation sites by Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas). Herpetologica. 2010 Sep;66(3):250-8.

Browne CL, Paszkowski CA. Microhabitat selection by western toads (Anaxyrus boreas). Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2018 Aug 1;13(2):317-30.

Browne CL, Paszkowski CA. The influence of habitat composition, season and gender on habitat selection by western toads (Anaxyrus boreas). Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2014 Oct 1;9(2):417-27.

Bull EL. Dispersal of newly metamorphosed and juvenile western toads (Anaxyrus boreas) in northeastern Oregon, USA. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2009 Aug 1;4(2):236-47.

Chelgren ND, Samora B, Adams MJ, McCreary B. Using spatiotemporal models and distance sampling to map the space use and abundance of newly metamorphosed western toads (Anaxyrus boreas). Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2011 Aug 1;6(2):175-90.

Deguise I, Richardson JS. Prevalence of the chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) in Western Toads in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Northwestern Naturalist. 2009 Apr;90(1):35-8.

Marco A, Kiesecker JM, Chivers DP, Blaustein AR. Sex recognition and mate choice by male western toads, Bufo boreas. Animal Behaviour. 1998 Jun 1;55(6):1631-5.

Muths E, Scherer RD. Portrait of a small population of boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas). Herpetologica. 2011 Dec;67(4):369-77.

Reynolds ER. The Behavioral Responses of Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas) Larvae to Simultaneous Stressors. 2017. Thesis, Oregon State University.

Slough BG. Amphibian chytrid fungus in western toads (Anaxyrus boreas) in British Columbia and Yukon, Canada. Herpetological Review. 2009;40(3):319.

Slough BG, deBruyn A. The observed decline of Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas) over several decades at a novel winter breeding site. The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 2018 Aug 28;132(1):53-7.

Timmons IN. Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas) Distribution in the Chehalis Basin: Maxent Modeling for Conservation. 2019. Thesis, Evergreen State College.

Reports, etc.

Chambert T, Belt J, Hossack BR. 2019. Monitoring of Boreal Toads (Anxyrus boreas) in Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park: survey design recommendations and trends in wetland occupancy and amphibian chytrid. Klondike Gold Rush National Historic Park.

Johnston B. 2006. Western Toad breeding site inventory for Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site 2005-2006. For: Parks Canada Species at Risk Inventory Fund.

Menuz D. 2016. Analysis of landscape and habitat variable associated with Boreal Toad (Anazyrus boreas) breeding locations. Utah Geological Survey.

Wind E, Willmott S. 2012. Identification of Western Toad (Anaxyrus boreas) breeding sites and road mortality mitigation assessment on Vancouver Island.

Published

Anderson NL. Habitat use by the Wood Frog Lithobates sylvaitucs (LeConte, 1825)) within pothole wetlands modified by beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820) in east-central Alberta. 2013. Thesis, University of Alberta.

Bennett AM, Murray DL. Carryover effects of phenotypic plasticity: embryonic environment and larval response to predation risk in Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) and Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2015;93(11):867-77.

Blomquist SM, Hunter ML. Externally attached radio-transmitters have limited effects on the antipredator behavior and vagility of Rana pipiens and Rana sylvatica. Journal of Herpetology. 2007 Sep;41(3):430-8.

Braunagel TM. Applying Ecological Theory to Amphibian Populations to Determine if Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) are Ideal and Free when Selecting Breeding Habitat.

Carlson BE, Langkilde T. No evidence of selection by predators on tadpole boldness. Behaviour. 2014 Jan 1;151(1):23-45.

Cline BB, Hunter Jr ML. Different open‐canopy vegetation types affect matrix permeability for a dispersing forest amphibian. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2014 Apr;51(2):319-29.

Connolly JC, Kress BL, Smith GR, Rettig JE. Possible behavioral avoidance of uv-b radiation and sunlight in wood frog (lithobates sylvaticus) tadpoles. Current herpetology. 2011;30(1):1-5.

Crosby KA. An investigation of finescale genetic structure of Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica) breeding sites in a fragmented habitat. 2007. Thesis, University of Guelph.

Amritha De Croos JN. Gene and protein regulation in liver of the freeze tolerant Wood Frog, Rana sylvatica. 2003. Doctoral dissertation, Carleton University.

Eakin C, Calhoun AJ, Hunter Jr ML. Indicators of wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) condition in a suburbanizing landscape. Ecosphere. 2019 Sep;10(9):e02789.

Engberg KE, Rothenberger MB. Effect of Road Proximity on Reproductive Effort and Movement Patterns of the Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica). Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science. 2015 Dec 1;89(2):48-56.

Fitzpatrick MJ, Zuckerberg B, Pauli JN, Kearney MR, Thompson KL, Werner LC, Porter WP. Modeling the distribution of niche space and risk for a freeze‐tolerant ectotherm, Lithobates sylvaticus. Ecosphere. 2019 Jul;10(7):e02788.

Freidenfelds NA, Purrenhage JL, Babbitt KJ. The effects of clearcuts and forest buffer size on post-breeding emigration of adult wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus). Forest Ecology and Management. 2011 Jun 1;261(11):2115-22.

Gahl MK, Pauli BD, Houlahan JE. Effects of chytrid fungus and a glyphosate‐based herbicide on survival and growth of wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus). Ecological Applications. 2011 Oct;21(7):2521-9.

Greenspan SE, Calhoun AJ, Longcore JE, Levy MG. Transmission of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis to wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) via a bullfrog (L. catesbeianus) vector. Journal of wildlife diseases. 2012 Jul;48(3):575-82.

Gupta N. Effects of oil sands process-affected water and substrates on wood frog (Rana sylvatica) eggs and tadpoles. 2009. Thesis, University of Saskatchewan.

Hersikorn BD, Smits JE. Compromised metamorphosis and thyroid hormone changes in wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) raised on reclaimed wetlands on the Athabasca oil sands. Environmental Pollution. 2011 Feb 1;159(2):596-601.

Höbel G, Kolodziej RC. Wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) use water surface waves in their reproductive behaviour. Behaviour. 2013 Jan 1;150(5):471-83.

Jefferson DM, Demuth BS. The conditional benefits of cannibalism for wood frog tadpoles (Lithobates sylvaticus). Journal of Student Science and Technology. 2014 Nov 1;7(3).

Kerling CL. The efficacy of anti-predator behaviour in the Wood Frog tadpole (Rana sylvatica). 2007. Thesis, Brock University.

Lee-Yaw JA. The phylogeographic history of the wood frog (Rana sylvatica). 2006. Thesis, McGill University.

Moeun B. Toxicokinetics and bioaccumulation of metals in wood frog tadpoles (Lithobates sylvaticus) exposed to sediment near oil sands mining in Northern Alberta. 2018. Thesis, University of Ottawa.

Popescu VD, Hunter Jr ML. Clear‐cutting affects habitat connectivity for a forest amphibian by decreasing permeability to juvenile movements. Ecological Applications. 2011 Jun;21(4):1283-95

Popescu VD, Brodie BS, Hunter ML, Zydlewski JD. Use of olfactory cues by newly metamorphosed wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) during emigration. Copeia. 2012 Sep 20;2012(3):424-31.

Raithel CJ, Paton PW, Pooler PS, Golet FC. Assessing long-term population trends of wood frogs using egg-mass counts. Journal of Herpetology. 2011 Mar;45(1):23-7.

Rawlusyk KJ. Habitat characteristics associated with Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica) abundance in an agriculturally fragmented landscape. 2004. Thesis, Royal Roads University.

Robinson MP. Reproduction and abundance of the wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) in post-harvest variable retention forests. 2016. Thesis, University of Alberta.

Ruso GE, Hogan NS, Sheedy C, Gallant MJ, Jardine TD. Effects of agricultural stressors on growth and an immune status indicator in wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) tadpoles and metamorphs. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2021. 40(8): 2269-2281.

Scherer RD, Tracey JA. A power analysis for the use of counts of egg masses to monitor wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) populations. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2011 Apr 1;6(1):81-90.

Stoler AB, Stephens JP, Relyea RA, Berven KA, Tiegs SD. Leaf litter resource quality induces morphological changes in wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) metamorphs. Oecologia. 2015 Nov;179(3):667-77.

Taylor M. Postbreeding movement patterns and multiscale habitat use of adult wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) at urban wetlands of Edmonton, Alberta. 2014. Thesis, University of Alberta.

Wu SB. Differential gene expression under environmental stress in the freeze tolerant wood frog, Rana sylvatica. 1999. Doctoral dissertation, Carleton University.

Published

Ashley-Ross M. Hindlimb kinematics during terrestrial locomotion in a salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus). The Journal of experimental biology. 1994 Aug;193(1):255-83.

Ashley-Ross MA. Patterns of hind limb motor output during walking in the salamander Dicamptodon tenebrosus, with comparisons to other tetrapods. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 1995 Sep 1;177(3):273-85.

Brinkman JN, Sessions SK, Houben A, Green DM. Structure and evolution of supernumerary chromosomes in the Pacific giant salamander, Dicamptodon tenebrosus. Chromosome Research. 2000 Sep;8(6):477-85.

Chases LG. The behavioral response of larval coastal giant salamanders, Dicamptodon tenebrosus, to chemical stimuli. 2008. Thesis, Humboldt State University.

Dudaniec RY, Richardson JS. Habitat associations of the Coastal Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) at its northern range limit. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2012 May 6;7(1):1-5.

Ferguson HM. Demography, dispersal and colonization of larvae of Pacific Giant Salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus, Good) at the northern extent of their range. 1998. Thesis, University of British Columbia.

Hopkins GR, Hopkins ZM. Salty salamander: Occurrence of a Dicamptodon tenebrosus in a tidal stream. Northwestern Naturalist. 2015 Aug;96(2):147-9.

Johnston B. Terrestrial Pacific Giant Salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus Good) – natural history and their response to forest practices.1998. Thesis, University of British Columbia.

Johnston B, Frid L. Clearcut logging restricts the movements of terrestrial Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus Good). Canadian journal of zoology. 2002 Dec 1;80(12):2170-7.

Leuthold N, Adams MJ, Hayes JP. Short‐term response of Dicamptodon tenebrosus larvae to timber management in southwestern Oregon. The Journal of Wildlife Management. 2012 Jan;76(1):28-37.

Munshaw RG, Atlas WI, Palen WJ, Courcelles DM, Monteith ZL. Correlates and consequences of injury in a large, predatory stream salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus). Amphibia-Reptilia. 2014 Jan 1;35(1):107-16.

Parker MS. Feeding ecology of stream-dwelling Pacific giant salamander larvae (Dicamptodon tenebrosus). Copeia. 1994 Aug 17:705-18.

Pogue S. Measuring the effects of increasing loads of fine sediment from timber harvest and road building on aquatic populations of Dicamptodon tenebrosus (Pacific giant salamander) in California’s redwoods. 2008. Thesis, Humboldt State University.

Reavill D. Chemical and Behavioral Ecology of the Coastal Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus). 2015. Thesis, Central Washington University.

Rundio DE, Olson DH. Antipredator defenses of larval Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) against cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki). Copeia. 2003 Jun;2003(2):402-7.

Sagar JP. Movement and demography of larval Coastal Giant Salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) in streams with culverts in the Oregon Coast Range. 2004. Thesis, Oregon State University.

Sagar JP, Olson DH, Schmitz RA. Survival and growth of larval coastal giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) in streams in the Oregon Coast Range. Copeia. 2007 Feb 28;2007(1):123-30.

Stuelpnagel JT, Reiss JO. Olfactory metamorphosis in the coastal giant salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus). Journal of Morphology. 2005 Oct;266(1):22-45.

Published

Larsen Jr JH, Wilson Jr AG. Activity and Diet in Seepage-Dwelling Coeur d’Alene Salamanders (Plethodon vandykei idahoensis). Northwest Science. 1988:62(5).

Larsen Jr JH, Wilson Jr AG. Biogeographic analysis of the Coeur d’Alene salamander (Plethodon idahoensis). Northwest Science. 1998:72(2).

Larson LI. Coeur d’Alene Salamander abundance, distribution, and habitat use in Mount Revelstoke National Park of Canada. 2009. Thesis, University of British Columbia.

Nottingham S, Pelletier TA. The impact of climate change on western Plethodon salamanders’ distribution. Ecology and Evolution. 2021 Jul;11(14):9370-84.

Wilson AG, Wilson EM, Groves CR, Wallace RL. US Distribution of the Coeur d’Alene salamander (Plethodon idahoensis Slater and Slipp). The Great Basin Naturalist. 1997 Oct 1;57(4):359-62.

Reports, etc.

Ohanjanian IA. 2004. Couer d’Alene Salamander. Accounts and Measures for Managing Identified Wildlife.

Wilson AG. 1990. A survey of the Nez Perce National Forest for the Couer d’Alene Salamander (Plethodon idahoensis). For: Idaho Department of Fish and Game.

Published

Brown C. Habitat use and movement patterns of two redwood forest salamanders, Aneides vagrans and Ensatina eschscholtzii, with an examination of the efficacy of pit tags for marking small plethodontids. 2017. Thesis, Humboldt State University.

Carl GC. The Red Salamander (Ensatina eschscholtzii Gray) on Vancouver Island. Copeia. 1940 Jul 28;1940(2):129-.

Kuchta SR, Parks DS, Mueller RL, Wake DB. Closing the ring: historical biogeography of the salamander ring species Ensatina eschscholtzii. Journal of Biogeography. 2009 May;36(5):982-95.

Reilly SB, Gottsho AD, Garwood JM, Jennings B. Phylogenetic analysis of Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) stomach contents detects cryptic range of a secretive salamander (Ensatina eschscholtzii oregonensis) Herpetological Conservation and Biology 5 (3): 395–402. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 5 (3): 395–402. 2010;5(3):395-402.

Stebbins RC. Courtship of the plethodontid salamander Ensatina eschscholtzii. Copeia. 1949 Dec 15;1949(4):274-81.

Wiltenmuth EB, Nishikawa KC. Geographical variation in agonistic behaviour in a ring species of salamander, Ensatina eschscholtzii. Animal behaviour. 1998 Jun 1;55(6):1595-606.

Published

Brodie Jr ED, Gibson LS. Defensive behavior and skin glands of the northwestern salamander, Ambystoma gracile. Herpetologica. 1969 Sep 1:187-94.

Hilton A. Effects of forest cover and food limitation on the growth and survival of juvenile and adult Northwestern Salamanders (Ambystoma gracile Baird). 2006. Thesis, University of British Columbia.

King JJ, Wagner RS. Toxic effects of the herbicide Roundup® Regular on Pacific Northwestern amphibians. Northwestern naturalist. 2010 Dec;91(3):318-24.

Knudsen JW. The courtship and egg mass of Ambystoma gracile and Ambystoma macrodactylum. Copeia. 1960 Mar 25;1960(1):44-6.

Licht LE. Observations on the courtship behavior of Ambystoma gracile. Herpetologica. 1969 Mar 1;25(1):49-52.

Licht LE. Behavior and sound production by the northwestern salamander Ambystoma gracile. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 1973 Oct 1;51(10):1055-6.

Licht LE. Growth and food of larval Ambystoma gracile from a lowland population in southwestern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 1975 Nov 1;53(11):1716-22.

Moreton ML, Marlatt VL. Toxicity of the aquatic herbicide, reward®, to the northwestern salamander. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019 Oct;26(30):31077-85.

Sprules WG. Environmental factors and the incidence of neoteny in Ambystoma gracile (Baird)(Amphibia: Caudata). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 1974 Dec 1;52(12):1545-52.

Taylor J. The behavioral ecology of larval and neotenic Northwestern Salamanders (Ambystoma gracile). 1976. Thesis, Oregon State University.

Taylor J. Orientation and flight behavior of a neotenic salamander (Ambystoma gracile) in Oregon. American midland naturalist. 1983 Jan 1:40-9.

Published

Allen C. An individual-based modelling approach to estimate landscape connectivity: a case study with bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia. 2016. Thesis, University of British Columbia.

Ashpole SL, Bishop CA, Elliott JE. Unexplained die-off of larval Barred Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) in an agricultural pond in the South Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada. Northwestern Naturalist. 2011 Dec 1;92(3):221-4.

Benoy GA. Community consequences of indirect interactions between waterfowl and Tiger Salamanders in prairie potholes. 2002. Thesis, University of Guelph.

Benoy GA. Variation in tiger salamander density within prairie potholes affects aquatic bird foraging behaviour. Canadian journal of zoology. 2005 Jul 1;83(7):926-34.

Devine A. The effect of soil pH on the integument of the Western Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma mavortium). 2016. Undergraduate thesis, University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

Fitzpatrick BM, Benard MF, Fordyce JA. Morphology and escape performance of tiger salamander larvae (Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium). Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Comparative Experimental Biology. 2003 Jun 1;297(2):147-59.

Larson KL, Duffy W, Johnson E, Donovan MF, Lannoo MJ. ” Paedocannibal” morph barred tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium) from eastern South Dakota. American Midland Naturalist. 1999 Jan 1:124-39.

Polivanov AJ. The Effects of Phosphate on the Metamorphosis of Larval Western Barred Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium).

Radi A, Beachy CK. Ambystoma mavortium (Barred Tiger Salamander). Behavior underneath the ice. He Reimer SA. Epidemiology of an emerging virus in western tiger salamanders (Ambystoma mavortium) in southwestern Alberta. 2015. Thesis, University of Lethbridge.

Reimer SA, Goater CP. Distribution and Life History of the Western Tiger Salamander (

Wang IJ, Johnson JR, Johnson BB, Shaffer HB. Effective population size is strongly correlated with breeding pond size in the endangered California tiger salamander, Ambystoma californiense. Conservation Genetics. 2011 Aug;12(4):911-20.

Welsh KJ. Occupancy, abundance, and summer ecology of the Western Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma mavortium Baird) in the Beaver Hills, Alberta. 2015. Thesis, University of Alberta.

Published

Brown CE, Deban SM. Jumping in arboreal salamanders: A possible tradeoff between takeoff velocity and in-air posture. Zoology. 2020 Feb 1;138:125724.

Davis TM. Microhabitat use and movements of the wandering salamander, Aneides vagrans, on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Journal of herpetology. 2002 Dec 1;36(4):699-703.

Garner TW, Gregory PT. Tests of aggregative preferences of wandering salamanders (Aneides vagrans). acta ethologica. 2006 Jul;9(1):43-7.

Sapp JR. Courtship behaviors in the salamander genus Aneides. 2002. Thesis, Oregon State University.

Spickler JC. A mark-recapture study of the wandering salamander, Aneides vagrans, in a redwood rain forest canopy. 2004. Thesis, Humboldt State University.

Spickler JC, Sillett SC, Marks SB, Welsh Jr HH. Evidence of a new niche for a North American salamander: Aneides vagrans residing in the canopy of old-growth redwood forest. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, Vol. 1 (1): 16-27. 2006.

Published

Bunnell FL, Dupuis LA. Effects of stand age, size, and juxtaposition on abundance of western redback salamanders (Plethodon vehiculum) in coastal British Columbia. Northwest Science. 1999:73(1).

Davis TM, Ovaska K. Individual recognition of amphibians: effects of toe clipping and fluorescent tagging on the salamander Plethodon vehiculum. Journal of Herpetology. 2001 Jun 1:217-25.

Jones LL, Ovaska K, Raphael MG. Courtship behavior of the Western Red-backed Salamander. Northwestern Naturalist. 2001 Dec 1:123-5.

Marco A, Chivers DP, Kiesecker JM, Blaustein AR. Mate choice by chemical cues in western redback (Plethodon vehiculum) and Dunn’s (P. dunni) salamanders. Ethology. 1998 Sep;104(9):781-8.

Ovaska K. Spacing and movements of the salamander Plethodon vehiculum. Herpetologica. 1988 Dec 1:377-86.

Ovaska K. Pheromonal divergence between populations of the salamander Plethodon vehiculum in British Columbia. Copeia. 1989 Aug 8;1989(3):770-5.

Ovaska K, Gregory PT. Population structure, growth, and reproduction in a Vancouver Island population of the salamander Plethodon vehiculum. Herpetologica. 1989 Jun 1:133-43.

Wilk RJ, Ricklefs JD, Raphael MG. Abundance of Western Red-backed Salamanders (Plethodon vehiculum) in the Washington Coast Range after headwater stream-buffer manipulation. Northwestern Naturalist. 2014 Jul;95(2):92-102.

Published

Aleksiuk M, Gregory PT. Regulation of seasonal mating behavior in Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis. Copeia. 1974 Oct 18:681-9.

Bittner TD, King RB, Kerfin JM. Effects of body size and melanism on the thermal biology of garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis). Copeia. 2002 May;2002(2):477-82.

Brodie ED, Brodie ED, Motychak JE. Recovery of garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) from the effects of tetrodotoxin. Journal of Herpetology. 2002 Mar 1;36(1):95-8.

Burghardt GM, Krause MA. Plasticity of foraging behavior in garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) reared on different diets. Journal of Comparative Psychology. 1999 Sep;113(3):277.

Charland MB. Reproductive ecology of female garter snakes (Thamnophis) in southeastern British Columbia. 1991. Doctoral dissertation, University of Victoria.

Garner TW, Gregory PT, McCracken GF, Burghardt GM, Koop BF, McLain SE, Nelson RJ. Geographic variation of multiple paternity in the common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis). Copeia. 2002 Feb;2002(1):15-23.

Garstka WR, Camazine B, Crews D. Interactions of behavior and physiology during the annual reproductive cycle of the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). Herpetologica. 1982 Mar 1:104-23.

Gibson AR, Falls JB. Thermal biology of the common garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis (L.). Oecologia. 1979 Oct;43(1):99-109.

Gregory PT, Larsen KW. Geographic variation in reproductive characteristics among Canadian populations of the common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis). Copeia. 1993 Dec 28:946-58.

Gregory PT, Larsen KW. Are there any meaningful correlates of geographic life-history variation in the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis?. Copeia. 1996 Feb 2;1996(1):183-9.

Halliday WD, Blouin-Demers G. Body temperature influences growth rates of Common Gartersnakes (Thamnophis sirtalis). The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 2018 Aug 28;132(1):25-9.

Krause MA, Burghardt GM. Neonatal plasticity and adult foraging behavior in garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) from two nearby, but ecologically dissimilar, habitats. Herpetological Monographs. 2001 Jan 1:100-23.

Larsen KW, Gregory PT, Antoniak R. Reproductive ecology of the common garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis at the northern limit of its range. American Midland Naturalist. 1993 Apr 1:336-45.

McAllister J. Natural history of common gartersnakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) in east-central British Columbia. 2015. Thesis, University of Victoria.

McCracken GF, Burghardt GM, Houts SE. Microsatellite markers and multiple paternity in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis. Molecular Ecology. 1999 Sep;8(9):1475-9.

Nelson KJ, Gregory PT. Activity patterns of Garter Snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis, in relation to weather conditions at a fish hatchery on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Journal of Herpetology. 2000 Mar 1:32-40.

Schwartz JM, McCracken GF, Burghardt GM. Multiple paternity in wild populations of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 1989 Oct;25(4):269-73.

Shine R, Lemaster M, Wall M, Langkilde T, Mason R. Why did the snake cross the road? Effects of roads on movement and location of mates by garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). Ecology and Society. 2004 Jun 1;9(1).

Shine R, Mason RT. Courting male garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) use multiple cues to identify potential mates. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2001 May;49(6):465-73.

Shine R, Mason RT. Patterns of mortality in a cold-climate population of garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis). Biological Conservation. 2004 Nov 1;120(2):201-10.

Sillman AJ, Govardovskii VI, Röhlich P, Southard JA, Loew ER. The photoreceptors and visual pigments of the garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis): a microspectrophotometric, scanning electron microscopic and immunocytochemical study. Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 1997 Jul 1;181(2):89-101.

Skinner M, Miller N. Aggregation and social interaction in garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2020 May;74(5):1-3.

Zehr DR. Stages in the normal development of the common garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis. Copeia. 1962 Jul 20:322-9.

Published

Bishop CA, Williams KE, Kirk DA, Nantel P, Reed E, Elliott JE. A population model of the impact of a rodenticide containing strychnine on Great Basin Gophersnakes (Pituophis catenifer deserticola). Ecotoxicology. 2016 Sep;25(7):1390-405.

McAllister JM, Maida JR. Diet of roadkilled western rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) and gophersnakes (Pituophis catenifer) in southern British Columbia. Northwestern Naturalist. 2016 Dec;97(3):181-9.

Rodríguez-Robles JA. Feeding ecology of North American gopher snakes (Pituophis catenifer, Colubridae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2002 Oct 1;77(2):165-83.

RodrÍguez-Robles JA. Home ranges of gopher snakes (Pituophis catenifer, Colubridae) in central California. Copeia. 2003 Jun;2003(2):391-6.

Sterner RT, Petersen BE, Shumake SA, Gaddis SE, Bourassa JB, Felix TA, McCann GR, Crane KA, Ames AD. Movements of a bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer) following predation of a radio-collared northern pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoides). Western North American Naturalist. 2002 Apr 1;62(2):240-2.

Wenner TJ. Observation of a gopher snake (Pituophis catenifer) constricting a red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis). Journal of Raptor Research. 2012 Sep;46(3):323-4.

White KE. Spatial ecology and life history of the great basin gophersnake (Pituophis catenifer destericola) in British Columbia’s Okanagan valley. 2008. Thesis, University of British Columbia.

Williams KE, Hodges KE, Bishop CA. Hibernation and oviposition sites of Great Basin Gophersnakes (Pituophis catenifer deserticola) near their northern range limit. Journal of Herpetology. 2015 Jun;49(2):207-16.

Williams KE, Hodges KE, Bishop CA. Small reserves around hibernation sites may not adequately protect mobile snakes: the example of Great Basin gophersnakes (Pituophis catenifer deserticola) in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2012 Mar;90(3):304-12.

Published

Myers EA, Weaver RE, Alamillo H. Population stability of the northern desert nightsnake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea deserticola) during the Pleistocene. Journal of Herpetology. 2013 Sep;47(3):432-9.

O’Connor AP, Wallace JL, Weaver RE, Hayes MP. Pygmy Short-Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma douglasii): Unrecorded Prey for the Great Basin Nightsnake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea deserticola). Northwestern Naturalist. 2010 Apr 1;91(1):79-81.

Weaver RE. Activty Patterns of the Desert Nightsnake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea). The Southwestern Naturalist. 2010 Jun;55(2):172-8.

Weaver RE. Diet and reproductive ecology of the Desert Nightsnake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea) in central Washington state. Journal of Herpetology. 2010 Mar;44(1):148-52.

Weaver RE. Effects of simulated moonlight on activity in the desert nightsnake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea). Northwest Science. 2011 Aug;85(3):497-500.

Weaver RE, Weaver KS, Johnson TM, Myers EA. A New Record Size for the Northern Desert Nightsnake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea deserticola). Northwestern Naturalist. 2010 Oct 1;91(2):218-20.

Weaver RE, Clark WH, McEwen DC. Prey chemical discrimination by the desert nightsnake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea): a comparison of invertebrate and vertebrate prey. Journal of Herpetology. 2012 Dec;46(4):523-6.

Weaver RE, Kardong KV. Microhabitat and prey odor selection in Hypsiglena chlorophaea. Copeia. 2009 Sep 3;2009(3):475-82.

Weaver RE. Chemosensory and behavioral ecology of the dipsadid snakes: Contia tenuis, Diadophis punctatus, and Hypsiglena chlorophaea. Washington State University; 2010.

Published

Bell K. Stress physiology and anti-predator behaviour in urban Northwestern Gartersnakes (Thamnophis ordinoides). 2013. Thesis, University of Victoria.

Brodie III ED. Correlational selection for color pattern and antipredator behavior in the garter snake Thamnophis ordinoides. Evolution. 1992 Oct;46(5):1284-98.

Dixon-MacCallum G. Habitat use by northwestern gartersnakes (Thamnophis ordinoides) in Saanich, British Columbia. 2013. Thesis, University of Victoria.

Dixon-McCallum GP, Bell KA, Gregory PT. Edge-habitat Use by Northwestern Gartersnakes (Thamnophis ordinoides) in Saanich, British Columbia. The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 2017 Jul 14;131(1):37-45.

Gignac A, Gregory PT. The effects of body size, age, and food intake during pregnancy on reproductive traits of a viviparous snake, Thamnophis ordinoides. Ecoscience. 2005 Jan 1;12(2):236-43.

Isaac LA. Exploring ecological correlates associated with dorsal colour variation in garter snakes. 2010. Doctoral dissertation, University of Victoria.

Lawson PM. Movement patterns and orientation mechanisms in garter snakes. 1991. Thesis, University of Victoria.

Published

Brown WS, Parker WS. Movement ecology of Coluber constrictor near communal hibernacula. Copeia. 1976 May 17:225-42.

Herzog Jr HA, Burghardt GM. Prey movement and predatory behavior of juvenile western yellow-bellied racers, Coluber constrictor mormon. Herpetologica. 1974 Sep 1:285-9.

Shewchuk CH, Austin JD. Food habits of the racer (Coluber constrictor mormon) in the northern part of its range. Herpetological Journal. 2001 Oct 1;11(4):151-6.

Reports etc.

Dulisse J. 2006. Western yellow-bellied racer (Coluber constrictor mormon) inventory in southeastern British Columbia. For: Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program.

Published

Atkins MCP. Temporal and spatial changes in a Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) population in British Columbia. 2021. Thesis, Thompson Rivers University.

Brooks J. Coloration, Camouflage, and Sexual Dichromatism in the Northern Pacific Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus). 2018. Thesis, Central Washington University.

Brown JR. Management of rattlesnake-human interaction: the effects of short-distance translocation on Crotalus o. oreganus. 2006. Thesis, University of Guelph.

Crowell HL. Comparative Thermal Ecology of Coastal and Inland Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus). 2019. Thesis, California Polytechnic State University.

David DH. Habitat selection and prey odor in the foraging behavior of western rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis). Behaviour. 2000 Jan 1;137(1):119-35.

Diller LV, Wallace RL. Reproductive biology of the northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus) in northern Idaho. Herpetologica. 1984 Jun 1:182-93.

Gienger CM, Beck DD. Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) use thermal and structural cues to choose overwintering hibernacula. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2011 Nov;89(11):1084-90.

Gier PJ, Wallace RL, Ingermann RL. Influence of pregnancy on behavioral thermoregulation in the Northern Pacific rattlesnake Crotalus viridis oreganus. Journal of Experimental Biology. 1989 Sep 1;145(1):465-9.

Gomez LM. Habitat use and movement patterns of the Northern Pacific Rattlesnake (Crotalus o . oreganus) in British Columbia. 2007. Thesis, University of Victoria.

Gomez L, Larsen KW, Gregory PT. Contrasting patterns of migration and habitat use in neighboring rattlesnake populations. Journal of Herpetology. 2015 Sep;49(3):371-6.

Harvey JA. Thermal influences on summer habitat use by western rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) in British Columbia. 2015. Thesis, Thompson Rivers University.

Hayes WK, Lavín-Murcio P, Kardong KV. Northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis oreganus) meter venom when feeding on prey of different sizes. Copeia. 1995 May 3:337-43.

Hayes WK, Hayes DM. Stimuli influencing the release and aim of predatory strikes of the Northern Pacific Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus). Northwestern Naturalist. 1993 Apr 1:1-9.

Hecker LJ. Habitat Suitability and Selection of Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Oreganus Oreganus) at Multiple Spatial Scales. 2016. Thesis, Humboldt State University.

Hecker LJ, Bean WT, Marks SB. Compensatory Microhabitat Selection by Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus oreganus) in a Cool and Wet Macroclimate. Journal of Herpetology. 2020 Mar;54(1):39-49.

Jenkins CL, Peterson CR, Doering SC, Cobb VA. Microgeographic variation in reproductive characteristics among western rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) populations. Copeia. 2009 Dec 29;2009(4):774-80.

Kardong KV. The predatory behavior of the Northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus): laboratory versus wild mice as prey. Herpetologica. 1993 Dec 1:457-63.

Lomas EV. Effects of disturbance on the Northern Pacific Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus oreganus) in British Columbia. 2013. Thesis, Thompson Rivers University.

Lomas E, Larsen KW, Bishop CA. Persistence of Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes masks the impact of human disturbance on weight and body condition. Animal Conservation. 2015 Dec;18(6):548-56.

Lomas E, Maida JR, Bishop CA, Larsen KW. Movement ecology of northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus o. oreganus) in response to disturbance. Herpetologica. 2019 Jun;75(2):153-61.

Loughran CL, Beck DD, Weaver RE. Use of communal shedding sites by the northern pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus oreganus) in Central Washington state. Northwestern Naturalist. 2015 Aug;96(2):156-60.

Macartney JM. The ecology of the Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes, Crotalus viridis oreganus, in British Columbia. 1985. Thesis, University of Victoria.

Macartney JM. Diet of the northern Pacific rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis oreganus, in British Columbia. Herpetologica. 1989 Sep 1:299-304.

Macartney JM, Gregory PT, Charland MB. Growth and sexual maturity of the western rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis, in British Columbia. Copeia. 1990 Jun 27:528-42.

Macartney JM, Gregory PT. Reproductive biology of female rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) in British Columbia. Copeia. 1988 Feb 5:47-57.

Mackessy SP. Morphology and ultrastructure of the venom glands of the northern Pacific rattlesnake Crotalus viridis oreganus. Journal of Morphology. 1991 Apr;208(1):109-28.

Maida JR. Impacts of Fencing and Development of Western Rattlesnake (crotalus Oreganus) Spring Movements in British Columbia. 2018. Thesis, Thompson Rivers University.

Maida JR, Kirk DA, McKibbin OW, Row JR, Larsen KW, Stringam CH, Bishop CA. Population estimate, survivorship and generation time of the Northern Pacific Rattlesnake (Crotalus o. oreganus) at its northern-most range limits. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2018 Dec 1;13(3):662-72.

Maida JR, Bishop CA, Larsen KW. Migration and disturbance: impact of fencing and development on Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) spring movements in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2020;98(1):1-2.

McAllister JM, Maida JR. Diet of roadkilled western rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) and gophersnakes (Pituophis catenifer) in southern British Columbia. Northwestern Naturalist. 2016 Dec;97(3):181-9.

Preston WB. The importance of the facial pit of the Northern Pacific Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis oreganus) under natural conditions in southern British Columbia. 1964. Thesis, University of British Columbia.

Putman BJ, Lind C, Taylor EN. Does size matter? Factors influencing the spatial ecology of Northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus oreganus) in Central California. Copeia. 2013 Sep 27;2013(3):485-92.

Schmidt DA. Patterns of population structure and genetic diversity among Western Rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) in the Pacific Northwest. 2019. Thesis, University of British Columbia.

Skurikhina A. Site selection for parturition by gravid female rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) in Osoyoos, British Columbia. Undergraduate thesis, Thompson Rivers University.

Smith TL, Bevelander GS, Kardong KV. Influence of prey odor concentration on the poststrike trailing behavior of the Northern Pacific Rattlesnake. Herpetologica. 2005 Jun;61(2):111-5.

Taylor EN, Kwittken B. Reproductive Life History and the Effects of Sex and Season on Morphology in Crotalus oreganus (Northern Pacific Rattlesnakes). Honors Undergraduate Research Journal. 2009;2(1):7.

Winton SA. Impacts of road mortality on the western rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) in British Columbia. 2018. Thesis, Thompson Rivers University.

Winton SA, Taylor R, Bishop CA, Larsen KW. Estimating actual versus detected road mortality rates for a northern viper. Global Ecology and Conservation. 2018 Oct 1;16:e00476.

Winton SA, Bishop CA, Larsen KW. When protected areas are not enough: low-traffic roads projected to cause a decline in a northern viper population. Endangered Species Research. 2020 Jan 30;41:131-9.

Published

Devitt TJ, Hill RI, Cameron SE. Diet: Charina bottae. Herpetological Review. 2005;36(2):189.

Dorcas ME, Peterson CR, Flint ME. The thermal biology of digestion in rubber boas (Charina bottae): physiology, behavior, and environmental constraints. Physiological Zoology. 1997 May 1;70(3):292-300.

Hoyer RF, Bomske CM, Bickford N. Dwarf populations of rubber boas (charina bottae) in Southern California. The Southwestern Naturalist. 2020 Jan;64(1):23-30.

Pearson M. First confirmed record of Northern Rubber Boa (Charina bottae) for coastal islands of British Columbia. Wildl. Afield. 2010;7(1):124-5.

Zhang Y, Westfall MC, Hermes KC, Dorcas ME. Physiological and behavioral control of heating and cooling rates in rubber boas, Charina bottae. Journal of Thermal Biology. 2008 Jan 1;33(1):7-11.

Published

Engelstoft C, Ovaska K. Natural History of the Sharp-Tailed Snake, Contia tenuis, on the Gulf Islands, British Columbia. InProceedings of a Conference on the Biology and Management of Species and Habitats at Risk. Kamloops, BC 1999 Feb (pp. 15-19).

Engelstoft C, Ovaska K. Habitat restoration for the endangered sharp-tailed snake. InProceedings of the species at risk 2004 pathways to recovery conference. March 2-6, 2004, Victoria, British Columbia. Species at Risk 2004 Pathways to Recovery Conference Organizing Committee 2005.

Govindarajulu P, Isaac LA, Engelstoft C, Ovaska K. Relevance of life-history parameter estimation to conservation listing: Case of the Sharp-Tailed snake (Contia tenuis). Journal of Herpetology. 2011 Sep;45(3):300-7.

Leonard WP, Darda DM, McAllister KR. Aggregations of sharptail snakes (Contia tenuis) on the east slope of the Cascade range in Washington state. Northwestern Naturalist. 1996 Oct 1;77(2):47-9.

Leonard WP, Stebbins RC. Observations of antipredator tactics of the sharp-tailed snake (Contia tenuis). Northwestern Naturalist. 1999 Oct 1:74-7.

Weaver RE, Kardong KV. Behavioral responses to potential prey through chemoreception by the sharp-tailed snake (Contia tenuis). Northwestern Naturalist. 2010 Apr 1:58-62.

Wilkinson SF, Gregory PT, Engelstoft C, Nelson KJ. The Rumsfeld paradigm: knowns and unknowns in characterizing habitats used by the endangered Sharp-tailed Snake, Contia tenuis, in southwestern British Columbia. The Canadian field-naturalist. 2007;121(2):142-9.

Published

Wilkinson SF, Gregory PT, Engelstoft C, Nelson KJ. The Rumsfeld paradigm: knowns and unknowns in characterizing habitats used by the endangered Sharp-tailed Snake, Contia tenuis, in southwestern British Columbia. The Canadian field-naturalist. 2007;121(2):142-9.

Charland MB. Reproductive ecology of female garter snakes (Thamnophis) in southeastern British Columbia. 1991. Doctoral dissertation, University of Victoria.

Garland T, Arnold SJ. Effects of a full stomach on locomotory performance of juvenile garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans). Copeia. 1983 Dec 14;1983(4):1092-6.

Garner TW, Larsen KW. Multiple paternity in the western terrestrial garter snake, Thamnophis elegans. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2005 May 1;83(5):656-63.

Gregory PT, Macartney JM, Rivard DH. Small mammal predation and prey handling behavior by the garter snake Thamnophis elegans. Herpetologica. 1980 Mar 1:87-93.

Gregory PT, Farr DR. Factors affecting litter size in Western Gartersnake (Thamnophis elegans) in British Columbia: place, time, and size of mother. The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 2018 Aug 28;132(1):36-42.

Gregory PT. Temperature differences between head and body in garter snakes (Thamnophis) at a den in central British Columbia. Journal of herpetology. 1990 Sep 1:241-5.

Isaac LA, Gregory PT. Can snakes hide in plain view? Chromatic and achromatic crypsis of two colour forms of the Western Terrestrial Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2013 Apr 1;108(4):756-72.

Waye HL. Size and age structure of a population of western terrestrial garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans). Copeia. 1999 Aug 2:819-23.

Waye HL, Gregory PT. Choices of neonate Thamnophis elegans vagrans between conspecific, congeneric, and heterogeneric odors. Journal of herpetology. 1993 Dec 1:435-41.

Weaver RE, Bauer BA, Weaver KS, McEwen DC, Clark WH. Diet and foraging behavior of the terrestrial gartersnake (Thamnophis elegans) along a stream within the shrub-steppe of central Washington state. Northwestern Naturalist. 2010 Dec;91(3):309-17.

Keeled Scales

Published

Goldberg SR, Bursey CR. Gastrointestinal Helminths of the Northwestern Alligator Lizard, Gerrhonotus coeruleus principis (Anguidae). Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington. 1991;58(2):246-8.

Cooper WE. Strike-induced searching by the anguid lizard Elgaria coerulea. Amphibia-reptilia. 1995 Jan 1;16(2):147-56.

Greene HW, Rodríguez JJ, Powell BJ. Parental behavior in anguid lizards. South American Journal of Herpetology. 2006 Apr;1(1):9-19.

Lambertz M, Graba K. Remarks on the northeasternmost distribution of Elgaria coerulea principis Baird & Girard, 1852 (Squamata: Anguidae) in British Columbia. Bonn zoological Bulletin. 2011 Jan 1;60(2):229-31.

Lavin BR, Wogan GO, McGuire JA, Feldman CR. Phylogeography of the Northern Alligator Lizard (Squamata, Anguidae): Hidden diversity in a western endemic. Zoologica Scripta. 2018 Jul;47(4):462-76.

McBrayer LD, Anderson RA. Sexual size dimorphisms and bite force in the northern alligator lizard, Elgaria coerulea. Journal of Herpetology. 2007 Dec;41(4):554-9.

Rutherford P. Costs of reproduction in a temperate-zone lizard, Elgaria coerulea. 2002. Doctoral dissertation, University of Victoria.

Rutherford PL, Gregory PT. Habitat use and movement patterns of northern alligator lizards (Elgaria coerulea) and western skinks (Eumeces skiltonianus) in southeastern British Columbia. Journal of Herpetology. 2003 Mar;37(1):98-106.

Rutherford PL, Gregory PT. How age, sex, and reproductive condition affect retreat-site selection and emergence patterns in a temperate-zone lizard, Elgaria coerulea. Ecoscience. 2003 Jan 1;10(1):24-32.

Scarpetta S. The earliest known occurrence of Elgaria (Squamata: Anguidae) and a minimum age for crown Gerrhonotinae: fossils from the Split Rock Formation, Wyoming, USA. Palaeontol Electronica. 2018 Jan 1;21:1-9.

Telemeco RS, Addis EA. Temperature has species-specific effects on corticosterone in alligator lizards. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 2014 Sep 15;206:184-92.

Telemeco RS, Gangloff EJ, Cordero GA, Polich RL, Bronikowski AM, Janzen FJ. Physiology at near‐critical temperatures, but not critical limits, varies between two lizard species that partition the thermal environment. Journal of Animal Ecology. 2017 Nov;86(6):1510-22.

Williams RJ, Dunn AM, Hanke G, Dixon JW, Hassall C. Response behaviour of native lizards and invading wall lizard to interspecific scent: implications for invasion success. Animal Behaviour. 2020 Aug 1;166:109-17.

Published

Lahti ME, Beck DD. Ecology and ontogenetic variation of diet in the pigmy short-horned lizard (Phrynosoma douglasii). The American Midland Naturalist. 2008 Apr;159(2):327-39.

Lahti ME, Beck DD, Cottrell TR. Ecology of the pygmy short-horned lizard [Phrynosoma (Tapaja) douglasii] in Washington. Northwestern Naturalist. 2010 Sep;91(2):134-44.

Meyers JJ, Herrel A, Nishikawa KC. Morphological correlates of ant eating in horned lizards (Phrynosoma). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2006 Sep 1;89(1):13-24.

Montanucci RR. A taxonomic revision of the Phrynosoma douglasii species complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae). Zootaxa. 2015 Sep 11;4015:1-77.

O’Connor AP, Wallace JL, Weaver RE, Hayes MP. Pygmy Short-Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma douglasii): Unrecorded Prey for the Great Basin Nightsnake (Hypsiglena chlorophaea deserticola). Northwestern Naturalist. 2010 Apr 1;91(1):79-81.

Ryder GR, Campbell RW, Powell GL. A noteworthy record of the pygmy short-horned lizard (Phrynosoma douglasii) for British Columbia. Wildlife Afield. 2006;3(1):11-4.

Sherbrooke WC, Middendorf III GA. Blood-squirting variability in horned lizards (Phrynosoma). Copeia. 2001 Dec;2001(4):1114-22.

Published

Dulisse J. Western Skink in southeastern British Columbia, Wildlife Afield. Volume. 2006;3(2):95-105.

Miles DC, Danser CL, Shoemaker KT. Tail bifurcation in Plestiodon skiltonianus. Herpetology Notes. 2020 Apr 23;13:343-5.

Rutherford PL, Gregory PT. Habitat use and movement patterns of northern alligator lizards (Elgaria coerulea) and western skinks (Eumeces skiltonianus) in southeastern British Columbia. Journal of Herpetology. 2003 Mar;37(1):98-106.

Tanner WW. A taxonomic and ecological study of the western skink (Eumeces skiltonianus). The Great Basin Naturalist. 1957 Dec 31;17(3/4):59-94.

Vincer EA. Microhabitat selection of the Western skink (Plestiodon skiltonianus) in the Okanagan region of British Columbia. 2009. Thesis, Simon Fraser University.

Watson CM, Gough L. The role of temperature in determining distributions and coexistence of three species of Plestiodon. Journal of Thermal Biology. 2012 Aug 1;37(5):374-9.

Wogan GO, Richmond JQ. Niche divergence builds the case for ecological speciation in skinks of the P lestiodon skiltonianus species complex. Ecology and evolution. 2015 Oct;5(20):4683-95.

Published

Allan GM, Prelypchan CJ, Gregory PT. Population profile of an introduced species, the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis), on Vancouver Island, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 2006 Jan 1;84(1):51-7.

Amo L, López P, Martı J. Nature-based tourism as a form of predation risk affects body condition and health state of Podarcis muralis lizards. Biological Conservation. 2006 Aug 1;131(3):402-9.

Bertram NA. Ecology of the introduced European wall lizard, Podarcis muralis, near Victoria, British Columbia. 2004. Thesis, University of Victoria.

Bonati B, Csermely D, López P, Martín J. Lateralization in the escape behaviour of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis). Behavioural brain research. 2010 Feb 11;207(1):1-6.

Braña F. Shifts in body temperature and escape behaviour of female Podarcis muralis during pregnancy. Oikos. 1993 Mar 1:216-22.

Brown RM, Gist DH, Taylor DH. Home range ecology of an introduced population of the European wall lizard Podarcis muralis (Lacertilia; Lacertidae) in Cincinnati, Ohio. American Midland Naturalist. 1995 Apr 1:344-59.

Brown RM, Taylor DH, Gist DH. Effect of caudal autotomy on locomotor performance of wall lizards (Podarcis muralis). Journal of Herpetology. 1995 Mar 1:98-105.

Burke RL, Goldberg SR, Bursey CR, Perkins SL, Andreadis PT. Depauperate parasite faunas in introduced populations of Podarcis (Squamata: Lacertidae) lizards in North America. Journal of Herpetology. 2007 Dec 1:755-7.

Diego-Rasilla FJ. Influence of predation pressure on the escape behaviour of Podarcis muralis lizards. Behavioural Processes. 2003 May 28;63(1):1-7.

Dietvorst PJ, Strijbosch H, Bonnemayer JJ. The northernmost population of Podarcis muralis (Lacertilia, Lacertidae). Amphibia-Reptilia. 1980 Jan 1;1(2):161-72.

Engelstoft C, Robinson J, Fraser D, Hanke G. Recent rapid expansion of common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) in British Columbia, Canada. Northwestern Naturalist. 2020 Feb;101(1):50-5.

Heym A, Deichsel G, Hochkirch A, Veith M, Schulte U. Do introduced wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) cause niche shifts in a native sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) population? A case study from south-western Germany. Salamandra. 2013 Jun 30;49(2):97-104.

Martín J, López P. An experimental test of the costs of antipredatory refuge use in the wall lizard, Podarcis muralis. Oikos. 1999 Mar 1:499-505.

Van Damme R, Bauwens D, Braña F, Verheyen RF. Incubation temperature differentially affects hatching time, egg survival, and hatchling performance in the lizard Podarcis muralis. Herpetologica. 1992 Jun 1:220-8.

Williams RJ. The Invasion Ecology of Common Wall Lizard (Podarcis Muralis): Population Dynamics, Interactions and Adaptations. 2019. Doctoral dissertation, University of Leeds.

Published

Basaraba NR. The ecology of Western Painted Turtles (Chrysemys Picta Belli) in a Northern Canadian Reservoir. 2014. Thesis, Thompson Rivers University.

Bowen KD, Janzen FJ. Human recreation and the nesting ecology of a freshwater turtle (Chrysemys picta). Chelonian Conservation and Biology. 2008 Aug;7(1):95-100.

Congdon JD, Nagle RD, Kinney OM, van Loben Sels RC, Quinter T, Tinkle DW. Testing hypotheses of aging in long-lived painted turtles (Chrysemys picta). Experimental gerontology. 2003 Jul 1;38(7):765-72.

Congdon JD, Tinkle DW. Reproductive energetics of the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta). Herpetologica. 1982 Mar 1:228-37.

Cordero GA, Karnatz ML, Svendsen JC, Gangloff EJ. Effects of low‐oxygen conditions on embryo growth in the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta. Integrative zoology. 2017 Mar;12(2):148-56.

Cosentino BJ, Schooley RL, Phillips CA. Wetland hydrology, area, and isolation influence occupancy and spatial turnover of the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta. Landscape Ecology. 2010 Dec;25(10):1589-600.

Dorland A, Rytwinski T, Fahrig L. Do roads reduce painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) populations?. PloS one. 2014 May 23;9(5):e98414.

Duncan AD. Overwintering ecology of Western Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta belli) in a Canadian reservoir. 2016. Thesis, Thompson Reivers University.

Ernst CH. Temperature-activity relationship in the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta. Copeia. 1972 Jun 8:217-22.

Ghai HS. Anoxia reduces whole cell permeability in cortical neurons of the anoxia tolerant turtle, Chrysemys picta belli. 1999. Thesis, University of Toronto.

Gibbons JW. Variation in growth rates in three populations of the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta. Herpetologica. 1967 Dec 30;23(4):296-303.

Gibbons JW. Population structure and survivorship in the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta. Copeia. 1968 Jun 5:260-8.

Grayson KL, Dorcas ME. Seasonal temperature variation in the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta). Herpetologica. 2004 Sep;60(3):325-36.

Hogg DW. GABA Receptor and K Ca Channel-mediated Electrical Suppression in Anoxic Cortical Pyramidal Neurons of the Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii). 2015. Thesis, University of Toronto.

Hughes EJ. The effect of sex ratio on male reproductive success in painted turtles, Chrysemys picta. 2011. Doctoral dissertation, University of Guelph.

Janzen FJ, Morjan CL. Egg size, incubation temperature, and posthatching growth in painted turtles (Chrysemys picta). Journal of Herpetology. 2002 Jun 1;36(2):308-11.

Jensen EL. Genetic assessment of taxonomic uncertainty and conservation units in painted turtles, with a focus on the at-risk Chrysemys picta bellii in British Columbia. 2013. Thesis, University of British Columbia.

Litzgus JD, Smith SE. Geographic variation in sexual size dimorphism in painted turtles (Chrysemys picta). Journal of Herpetology. 2010 Jun;44(2):320-6.

MacCulloch RD, Secoy DM. Movement in a river population of Chrysemys picta bellii in southern Saskatchewan. Journal of Herpetology. 1983 Sep 1;17(3):283-5.

Marchand KA, Poulin RG, Somers CM. Western Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii) in a Highly Urbanized System: Unexpected Variation in Resource Use Among Age Classes and Sexes. Herpetologica. 2018 Sep;74(3):217-25.

Packard GC, Packard MJ, Morjan CL, Janzen FJ. Cold-tolerance of hatchling painted turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii) from the southern limit of distribution. Journal of herpetology. 2002 Jun 1;36(2):300-4.

Pamenter M. Mechanisms of Channel Arrest and Spike Arrest Underlying Metabolic Depression and the Remarkable Anoxia-tolerance of the Freshwater Western Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii). 2008. Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto.

Reese SA, Stewart ER, Crocker CE, Jackson DC, Ultsch GR. Geographic variation of the physiological response to overwintering in the painted turtle (Chrysemys picta). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 2004 Jul;77(4):619-30.

Refsnider JM, Palacios MG, Reding DM, Bronikowski AM. Effects of a novel climate on stress response and immune function in painted turtles (Chrysemys picta). Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology. 2015 Mar;323(3):160-8.

Schwarzkopf L, Brooks RJ. Nest-site selection and offspring sex ratio in painted turtles, Chrysemys picta. Copeia. 1987 Feb 11:53-61.

Scott MA. Expression of inducible and constitutive heat shock protein 70 in tissues of the western painted turtle, Chrysemys picta belli. 2001. Thesis, University of Toronto.

Telemeco RS, Warner DA, Reida MK, Janzen FJ. Extreme developmental temperatures result in morphological abnormalities in painted turtles (Chrysemys picta): a climate change perspective. Integrative Zoology. 2013 Jun;8(2):197-208.

Tesche MR. Effective sampling and detecting biogeographic trends of the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta. 2014. Thesis, University of British Columbia.

Vanek JP, Glowacki GA. Assessing the impacts of urbanization on sex ratios of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta). Diversity. 2019 May;11(5):72.

Warren DE, Jackson DC. The metabolic consequences of repeated anoxic stress in the western painted turtle, Chrysemys picta bellii. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 2017 Jan 1;203:1-8.

Weisrock DW, Janzen FJ. Thermal and fitness‐related consequences of nest location in painted turtles (Chrysemys picta). Functional Ecology. 1999 Feb;13(1):94-101.

Reports etc.

Engelstoft C. 2016. Western Painted Turtle visual surveys, habitat assessment and restoration, and eDNA sampling on the east coast of Vancouver Island, 2015. For: Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations.

Published

Ashton DT, Bettaso JB, Welsh Jr HH. Changes across a decade in size, growth, and body condition of western pond turtle (Actinemys marmorata) populations on free-flowing and regulated forks of the Trinity River in northwest California. Copeia. 2015 Sep;103(3):621-33.

Barela KL. Mapping the western pond turtle (Actinemys marmorata) and painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) in western North America. Northwestern Naturalist. 2014 Mar;95(1):1-2.

Barela KL. United States Turtle Mapping Project with a Focus on Western Pond Turtle and Painted Turtle. 2012. Undergraduate thesis, Oregon State University.

Bury RB. Feeding ecology of the turtle, Clemmys marmorata. Journal of Herpetology. 1986 Dec 1:515-21.

Davis CJ. Western Pond Turtle (Clemmys marmorata pallida) winter habitat use and behaviour. 1998. Thesis, San Jose State University.

Fisher JL. Archaeology and Biogeography of the Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata) in the Puget Sound Region. Ethnobiology Letters. 2018 Jan 1;9(2):180-8.

Germano DJ, Rathbun GB. Growth, population structure, and reproduction of Western Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) on the central coast of California. Chelonian Conservation and Biology. 2008 Dec;7(2):188-94.

Gray EM. DNA fingerprinting reveals a lack of genetic variation in northern populations of the western pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata). Conservation Biology. 1995 Oct 1:1244-54.

Holte DL. Nest site characteristics of the western pond turtle, Clemmys marmorata, at Fern Ridge Reservoir, in west central Oregon. 1998. Thesis, Oregon State University.

Leidy RA, Bogan MT, Neuhaus L, Rosetti L, Carlson SM. Summer die-off of western pond turtle (Actinemys marmorata) along an intermittent coast range stream in central California. The Southwestern Naturalist. 2016 Mar;61(1):71-4.

Nyhof PE, Trulio L. Basking Western pond turtle response to recreational trail use in urban California. Chelonian Conservation and Biology. 2015 Dec;14(2):182-4.

Purcell KL, McGregor EL, Calderala K. Effects of drought on Western Pond Turtle survival and movement patterns. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management. 2017 Jun;8(1):15-27.

Rathbun GB, Siepel N, Holland D. Nesting behavior and movements of western pond turtles, Clemmys marmorata. The Southwestern Naturalist. 1992 Sep 1;37(3):319-24.

Reports etc.

Hallock LA, McMillan A, and Wiles GJ. 2016. Periodic status review for the Western Pond Turtle in Washington. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.

Hays DW, McAllister KR, Richardson SA, Stinson DW. 1999. Washington State Recovery plan for the Western Pond Turtle. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.

Reese DA, Welsh Jr HH. 1997. Use of terrestrial habitat by Western Pond Turtles (Clemmys marmorata): Implications for management. USDA Forest Service.

Spinks PQ, Pauly GB, Crayon JJ, Shaffer HB. Survival of the western pond turtle (Emys marmorata) in an urban California environment. Biological Conservation. 2003 Oct 1;113(2):257-67.

Yarnal C. Best Management Practices for the Conservation of Western Pond Turtle Populations in California. 2019. Thesis, University of San Francisco.

Published

Ashpole SL, Bishop CA, Murphy SD. Reconnecting Amphibian Habitat through Small Pond Construction and Enhancement, South Okanagan River Valley, British Columbia, Canada. Diversity. 2018 Dec;10(4):108.

Bishop CA, Ashpole SL, Edwards AM, Van Aggelen G, Elliott JE. Hatching success and pesticide exposures in amphibians living in agricultural habitats of the South Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada (2004–2006). Environmental toxicology and Chemistry. 2010 Jul;29(7):1593-603.

Bredeweg EM, Morzillo AT, Thurman LL, Garcia TS. The integrative effects of behavior and morphology on amphibian movement. Ecology and evolution. 2019 Feb;9(3):1278-88.

Browne CL, Paszkowski CA, Foote AL, Moenting A, Boss SM. The relationship of amphibian abundance to habitat features across spatial scales in the Boreal Plains. Ecoscience. 2009 Jun 1;16(2):209-23.

Bury RB. Low thermal tolerances of stream amphibians in the Pacific Northwest: Implications for riparian and forest management. Applied Herpetology. 2008 Jan 1;5(1):63-74.

Chejanovski ZA, Wiens JJ. Climatic niche breadth and species richness in temperate treefrogs. Journal of biogeography. 2014 Oct;41(10):1936-46.

Forzán MJ, Bienentreu J, Schock DM, Lesbarrères D. Multi-tool diagnosis of an outbreak of ranavirosis in amphibian tadpoles in the Canadian boreal forest. Diseases of aquatic organisms. 2019 Jun 20;135(1):33-41.

Gerick AA, Munshaw RG, Palen WJ, Combes SA, O’Regan SM. Thermal physiology and species distribution models reveal climate vulnerability of temperate amphibians. Journal of biogeography. 2014 Apr;41(4):713-23.

Greenberg DA, Palen WJ. Hydrothermal physiology and climate vulnerability in amphibians. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 2021 Feb 24;288(1945):20202273.

Guderyahn LB, Smithers AP, Mims MC. Assessing habitat requirements of pond-breeding amphibians in a highly urbanized landscape: implications for management. Urban Ecosystems. 2016 Dec;19(4):1801-21.

Harper EB, Patrick DA, Gibbs JP. Impact of forestry practices at a landscape scale on the dynamics of amphibian populations. Ecological Applications. 2015 Dec;25(8):2271-84.

Hopkins GR, Brodie Jr ED. Occurrence of amphibians in saline habitats: a review and evolutionary perspective. Herpetological Monographs. 2015 Dec;29(1):1-27.

Hossack BR, Lowe WH, Corn PS. Rapid increases and time‐lagged declines in amphibian occupancy after wildfire. Conservation Biology. 2013 Feb;27(1):219-28.

Hossack BR, Corn PS. Responses of pond‐breeding amphibians to wildfire: short‐term patterns in occupancy and colonization. Ecological Applications. 2007 Jul;17(5):1403-10.

King JJ, Wagner RS. Toxic effects of the herbicide Roundup® Regular on Pacific Northwestern amphibians. Northwestern naturalist. 2010 Dec;91(3):318-24.

Klaver RW, Peterson CR, Patla DA. Influence of water conductivity on amphibian occupancy in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Western North American Naturalist. 2013 Jul;73(2):184-97.

Kroll AJ, Maccracken JG, Mcbride TC, Bakke J, Light J, Peterson P, Bach J. Basin‐scale surveys of stream‐associated amphibians in intensively managed forests. The Journal of Wildlife Management. 2010 Sep;74(7):1580-7.

Larson GL, Hoffman RL, Lofgren R, Samora B, Anderson S. Increased Amphibian Presence In A Montane Lake After Fish Removal, Mount Rainier National Park, Washington. Northwestern Naturalist. 2017 Dec;98(3):228-36.

Mushet DM, Euliss Jr NH, Stockwell CA. Mapping anuran habitat suitability to estimate effects of grassland and wetland conservation programs. Copeia. 2012 Jun 27;2012(2):321-30.

O’Regan SM, Palen WJ, Anderson SC. Climate warming mediates negative impacts of rapid pond drying for three amphibian species. Ecology. 2014 Apr;95(4):845-55.

Pollett KL, MacCracken JG, MacMahon JA. Stream buffers ameliorate the effects of timber harvest on amphibians in the Cascade Range of Southern Washington, USA. Forest Ecology and Management. 2010 Aug 15;260(6):1083-7.

Quinn T, Hayes MP, Dugger DJ, Hicks TL, Hoffmann A. Comparison of two techniques for surveying headwater stream amphibians. The Journal of wildlife management. 2007 Feb;71(1):282-8.

Shulse CD, Semlitsch RD, Trauth KM, Gardner JE. Testing wetland features to increase amphibian reproductive success and species richness for mitigation and restoration. Ecological Applications. 2012 Jul;22(5):1675-88.

Smith DHV, Jones B, Randall L, Prescott DR. Difference in detection and occupancy between two anurans: the importance of species-specific monitoring. Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2014;9(2):267-77.

Stevens CE, Paszkowski CA, Foote AL. Beaver (Castor canadensis) as a surrogate species for conserving anuran amphibians on boreal streams in Alberta, Canada. Biological Conservation. 2007 Jan 1;134(1):1-3.

Stoddard MA, Hayes JP. The influence of forest management on headwater stream amphibians at multiple spatial scales. Ecological applications. 2005 Jun;15(3):811-23.

Reports etc.

Boulanger J. 2012. Determination of optimal sampling designs for occupancy modeling of amphibian species in the Columbia Basin. For: Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program.

Denton RD, Richter SC. Amphibian communities in natural and constructed ridge top wetlands with implications for wetland construction. The Journal of Wildlife Management. 2013 Jul;77(5):886-96.

Dunham JB, Rosenberger AE, Luce CH, Rieman BE. Influences of wildfire and channel reorganization on spatial and temporal variation in stream temperature and the distribution of fish and amphibians. Ecosystems. 2007 Mar;10(2):335-46.

Malt J. 2012. Assessing the effectiveness of amphibian mitigation on the Sea to Sky Highway: population level effects and best management practices for minimizing highway impacts. Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations.

Reports etc.

Fang Y, Hester O, Milne E, Wang K. 2019. A spatial analysis of terrestrial salamander distributions and disturbance levels in Pacific Spirit Regional Park. ENVR 400 Project, UBC.

Integrated Collection Assessment and Planning Workshop. Canadian Snakes. December 2021.

Published

Atkins MC, Larsen KW. Measuring snakes across the decades. Are tube-restraint measurements compatible with an earlier method? Herpetological Conservation and Biology. 2020 Aug 1;15(2):350-3.

Eye DM, Maida JR, McKibbin OM, Larsen KW, Bishop CA. Snake mortality and cover board effectiveness along exclusion fencing in British Columbia, Canada. The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 2018 Aug 28;132(1):30-5.

Gregory PT. Feeding habits and diet overlap of three species of garter snakes (Thamnophis) on Vancouver Island. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 1978 Sep 1;56(9):1967-74.

Lawson PA. Orientation abilities and mechanisms in nonmigratory populations of garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis and T. ordinoides). Copeia. 1994 May 16:263-74.

Wiens JJ, Brandley MC, Reeder TW. Why does a trait evolve multiple times within a clade? Repeated evolution of snakeline body form in squamate reptiles. Evolution. 2006 Jan;60(1):123-41.

Reports etc.

Bertram N, Larsen KW, Surgenor J. 2001. Identification of critical habitats and conservation issues for Western Rattlesnake and Great Basin Gopher Snake within the Thompson-Nicola region of British Columbia. British Columbia Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection.

Published

Gerber BD, Converse SJ, Muths E, Crockett HJ, Mosher BA, Bailey LL. Identifying species conservation strategies to reduce disease‐associated declines. Conservation Letters. 2018 Mar;11(2):e12393.

Olson DH, Ashton DT, Bancroft BA, Blaustein AR, Bosworth W, Bury RB, Corn PS, Gilgert WC, Govindarajulu P, Hallock L, Hastings K. Herpetological conservation in northwestern North America. Northwestern Naturalist. 2009 Oct 1:61-96.

Reports etc.

Burke P, Murray R, Roberston A. Mitchell A. 2017. Conserving riparian habitats and species-at-risk in the Wahleach Watershed. Project Report. For: Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program.

de la Salle C. 2015. Friends of Kootenay Lake Harrop Wetlands Restoration Project – Reference No. W-F15-21. Friends of Kootenay Lake. For: Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program.

Klafki R. 2018. Elk Valley wetland creation and restoration – Hosmer. For: Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program.

Lamoureux G. 2019. Goulden Thurston Wetland Restoration Project. For: Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program.

Mitchell AM. 2014. Species at risk conservation and stewardship in the Coquitlam Watershed. Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations. For: Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program.

Quamme D. 2020. Pre-restoration biomonitoring of Six Mile Slough. For: Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations.

The Nature Trust of BC. 2017. Cherry Creek Wetland Restoration Project 2016/2017 Final Report. The Nature Trust of BC.

Wind E. 2013. Puntledge Hatchery wetland restoration and enhancement. For: Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program.